Greek I.6 The A-Declension

Lesson I.6

Nouns in the A-Declension

Most A-declension nouns have a stem in long-A.  In Attic this is changed to η except when preceded by ε, ι, or  ρ.  Nouns with a short-A will be taken up later.

The most common group of adjectives combine the -O and -A declensions, as in Latin, for the three genders.

At this point, note that the genitive plural of perispominenon, that is a circumflex on the ultima.

Word Order

Greek adjectives may be attributive, that is, like English adjectives modifiers of the noun,  in which case they normally come between the article and the noun as in English:  The good man

There are several attributive positions.  The most common is sometimes referred to as the first attributive position.  One may also put the adjective after the noun but only with a repeated definite article:  The man the good.  Any modifier of the noun, including prepositional phrases, can be used this way.

Or they may be used as predicates to make a statement that X noun is of Y quality, as in The man is good.  The verb “to be” is not required in such statements.  In this case the adjective comes first and is followed by the article and the noun:  Good the man [is].

Dative of Possession

In Greek as in Latin, French, etc., a statement that something belongs to someone is generally put in the form:  X object is to me, C’est  à moi.  This is closely related to other uses of dative to show the person interested or affected by an action or feeling.

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Thomas Fleming

Thomas Fleming is president of the Fleming Foundation. He is the author of six books, including The Morality of Everyday Life and The Politics of Human Nature, as well as many articles and columns for newspapers, magazines,and learned journals. He holds a Ph.D. in Classics from the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and a B.A. in Greek from the College of Charleston. He served as editor of Chronicles: a Magazine of American Culture from 1984 to 2015 and president of The Rockford Institute from 1997-2014. In a previous life he taught classics at several colleges and served as a school headmaster in South Carolina

7 Responses

  1. Vince Cornell says:

    I’ve been sending these to the kids – did I miss Greek I.5?

  2. Avatar photo Thomas Fleming says:

    In Part B of Lesson 4, I noted that lesson 5 was a brief review and could easily be done with lesson 6, particualrly since we are going at a rate of about one normal the speed.

  3. Vince Cornell says:

    I meant to ask these questions when we were doing 4.b but I didn’t have the chance: When do you know to add “ν” at the end of a third person plural verb? Also, your answer to question four of the translation of English into Greek gave “εθελουσιν” for the translation of “he wishes.” Shouldn’t it be “εθελει”?

    -Cornell Kid

  4. Katherine Boyer says:

    thanks, Tom. Kate

  5. Allen Wilson says:

    Acute over the nominative. Circumflex over the dative with an iota subscript. Now the accent marks become very important.

  6. Avatar photo Thomas Fleming says:

    The nu elphystikon is generally added before a vowel or at the end of a clause. In poetry, it is also used to lengthen the preceding syllable, since most two-consonant combinations create a long syllable. The metrical point is not to worry about here.

    I must have, with my deteriorating vision, read they for he in the exercise. Thanks for the correction/

  7. Jacob Johnson says:

    It is becoming more apparent that some of my previous concerns ( finer points of pronunciation, the idea that a bad habit will be difficult to change, etc.) were unfounded. As it was pointed out, young children typically do not pronounce things correctly at first or know all the rules but learn as they continue to use language. I am glad that I had to be told that however. I think it is good to know the outline of these things.